Terpenes
Aromatic hydrocarbons produced by cannabis (and many other plants) that contribute to scent, flavor, and potentially pharmacological activity.
In Depth
Over 200 terpenes have been identified in cannabis. Major terpenes include myrcene (earthy, sedating), limonene (citrus, anxiolytic), linalool (floral, calming), β-caryophyllene (spicy, CB2 agonist), pinene (pine, bronchodilator), and terpinolene. β-Caryophyllene is unique in being the only terpene known to directly activate cannabinoid receptors (CB2). Terpenes are proposed to contribute to the entourage effect, though clinical evidence is limited.
Related Terms
Further Reading
More in Pharmacology
Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
A lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitter system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), their receptors (CB1, CB2), and metabolic enzymes.
CB1 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 1. A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system. The primary target of THC's psychoactive effects.
CB2 Receptor
Cannabinoid receptor type 2. A GPCR primarily expressed in immune tissues and peripheral organs. Less abundant in the CNS than CB1.
Anandamide (AEA)
N-arachidonoylethanolamine. The first endocannabinoid identified. A partial agonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, named from the Sanskrit word "ananda" meaning bliss.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
The most abundant endocannabinoid in the brain. A full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.